Author Archive

Pain to Train

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Employee training is not for amateurs

As the recession is allegedly over and the economy staggers back to a “new normal,” many companies are having to confront the issues surrounding whether or not to train their employees. During the recession, many companies eliminated or significantly reduced the amount of training they provided. Under the belief that training was an expense that could not easily be quantified and often did not directly contribute to generating revenue, cutting costs, or other more easily calculated benefits, numerous companies decided to forego employee development and preferred to focus on what they saw as more essential requirements of running the business and maintaining revenue streams.  Of course, that decision just further exacerbated what was already a downward spiral into an even faster falling business.  The lack of skills, processes, methods, or competencies became even more apparent when customers were even more discerning about where they chose to spend their limited money and could choose from numerous options.

To Train or Not

With companies trying to get back on track and improve their business results as their confidence in the economy slowly rebounds, the importance of training is becoming a topic of conversation that many business owners and entrepreneurs are now entertaining again.  One client of mine recently posed a question to me that was generated by the recognition of the importance of training in career development, customer service, and business performance.  The question posed was:

Is it more harmful to train poorly or to not train at all?

This client was trying to implement a peer training approach where an  employes would be responsible for conducting a short (15 minute) training session to other employees on topics of their own choosing that would introduce new skills, reinforce current competencies, and establish a company-specific way of doing various tasks.  Unfortunately, the results were less than satisfactory.  So much so, that the client began to wonder if bad training was actually more harmful to emnployees than not doing any training at all.

Worth The Effort

Training should be an essential part of any organization’s mission.  However, if not done correctly – it can cause confusion on how tasks are to be done, misalignment on roles and expectiations, and less success due to poor performance.  One recent study demonstrated the importance of training to both the employee and the employer.  The results are increased motivation, communication, business results, and employee retention.  While it is worth the effort, it also must be done correctly for the results to be achieved.

Training Process

One of the most straightforward ways to think about the training process is summed up in the abbreviation – ADDIE.  ADDIE stands for Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation.  The specifics of the process are:

Analysis – the trainer would assess the organizatonal needs, business issues, and the best approach to learning to be incorporated into the training.

Design – This phase of the process details the learning objectives used to design the training and the specific content to be included in the training.

Development – In this phase, the tactical creation of the training (exercises, lectures, demonstrations, etc.) is built and prepared for the training.

Implementation – During implementation the rollout of the training is conducted and the training is delivered to the trainee population.

Evaluation – at the conclusion of the training, the measurement of success is conducted.  Feedback is provided and determinations of the impact of the training is determined.

This somewhat simple approach ensures that the needs of the organization and the learner are incorporated, that the appropriate methods are integrated into the design and development of the training, that training occurs as appropriate, and that the scorecard measures of the training are directly relevant to the needs of the business identified in the Analysis phase.

Training is not always easy to do correctly and can be time consuming and requires allocation of resources that can be directed elsewhere.  However, if you think training is expensive – try ignorance!

 

Folly of Feedback

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Business people are no different in their work lives than they are outside of work in that we all want to be appreciated, complimented, and recognized. In fact, we solicit that and often ask others to provide us with their perspectives and opinions of our performance, behavior, and results.  What sometimes happens though is that the receiver of feedback is really only wanting to hear the positives and becomes defenisve or argumentative when provided constructive criticism.

Knowing how to handle feedback is important.

Sources of Feedback

In our current business environment, we are bombarded by people providing us with feedback.  Feedback arrives from:

  1. Comments made by customers or prospects through their objections raised during the sales cycle
  2. Posts made to websites (your own or on third-party sites that track feedback i.e.; www.complaints.com or www.ratemyprofessors.com) that aggregate user experiences across multiple users.
  3. Competitors that “sell or market against your perceived weaknesses,” etc.
  4. Employees, suppliers, or co-workers that seek to “help” or “correct” our mistakes or contribute to our ability to leverage opportunities.
  5. Our own solicitations of input, opinion, or comments through employee or customer surveys or other methods.

Feedback that is not complimentary or does not align with one’s own perceptions can be difficult to process and hard to hear (nevermind act upon).  Differentiating between feedback that is helpful and criticism that is meant to be hurtful without any positive attribute to it is critical.  What is helpful is to separate the message from the delivery. Hear the comment more than the tone (ignore the sarcasm, the hysterics, the baiting behavior, etc.).

How to Give Feedback

If the idea behind the feedback is to get someone to change their behavior or do something different, than it is important to provide that idea in a way that the other person is receptive to hearing it and acting upon it.

  1. Use facts (details, specific instances, details) over general statements (This business stinks, it ALWAYS fails to…, it NEVER is able to…).
  2. Identify how or why the performance is not at the standard needed.
  3. State or confirm the goal(s) so that it is clear that the outcome being sought is common and that both parties have a stake in seeing that it is completed correctly.
  4. Share potential solutions, but also provide opportunity for the other party to participate in the improvement ideation process.

Receiving Feedback

While it is not easy to hear that our efforts are insufficient or have left someone else feeling less than satisfied; receiving feedback or advice should not be seen as so deflating or injurious to our pride that we shut it out or refuse to acknowledge that there may be a better approach, method, or technique to accomplish our goals.

  1. Do not view it as a personal affront, but rather as an opportunity to extend strengths or improve upon performance.
  2. Recognize that our perspectives may be limited by our own points of view and experiences.  As such, we may not truly have as comprehensive an insight into situations or scenarios as someone else. Embrace the chance to see things through someone else’s eyes.
  3. Retain an open mind and view feedback (whether solicited or unsolicited) as an opportunity to improve.

While some feedback may not be seen as relevant and does not require being acted upon, remember that someone thought it important enough to share it with you that they took the time to communicate it.  The folly in feedback is that is almost always presented with the intention of providing insight for improvement – but often gets enmeshed in the way it is shared, the fragility of the human psyche, and the need to appear smart, capable, and competent (for both the sender of feedback and the receiver).

Feedback does not demand a change in behavior in all instances.  Just because an opinion is shared does not mean it has to cause an upheaval in how things are done. However, feedback should always be welcomed on the chance that it may include something of value that is worth consideration.

You Are Your Record

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Although it is far too common for industry analysts, business pundits,consultants,  managers, and entrepreneurs to look for lessons in pro sports and try to apply it to their business with less than consistent results, there is a glaring example that is worth discussing in our local market.  The New York Jets have self proclaimed themselves as the heir apparent to ascend to th eNational Football League’s championship.   They have been loud and brash about their strengths and mock anyone who disagrees with annointing them as the best in the league.  Unfortunately for them, the real determinant of success is not decided in newspaper quotes, but by the tally on the scoreboard.

Importance of Leadership

The Jets have historically been an underperforming team that have rarely been considered among the elite teams in the league.  While some years they have competed more effectively than others, for the majority of their existence, they have not advanced far into the playoffs, and many of those years they were not even able to make it to the playoffs.  In some ways, they were like RC Cola – a product that is not considered on a par with Coke or Pepsi. They almost seemed to have a corporate inferiority complex that became self-fulfilling. 

Then, last year they brought in a new coach, Rex Ryan who was charismatic, energetic, and had the team believing they could compete.  On some lucky breaks, some inspired play, and random occurrences, the team made it into the playoffs and were within one quarter of play from advancing to the Super Bowl.  Ryan’s leadership had successfully overcome the malaise that all too often torpedoed the Jets in years previous.  So brash was Ryan though, that he began to make pronouncements that his team was the best and that this year they would progress even further and win the Championship.  Against the judgement of many others who believe it is best not to brag or gloat (and especially when the accomplishment has yet to occur!), Ryan and the team were highlighted in an HBO series that further gave him the platform to bellow about how wonderful his team is and beat his chest as a master motivator and leader.

What Rex Forgot

The New York market has had many managers and coaches that have been famously quoted for their insights on the sport, the business, and the requirements of leading a team.  Casey Stengal managed the Yankees for many years and experienced numerous championships. He also managed the Mets and was admired more for his comedic asides than his baseball knowledge.  However, the most pertinent quote from a former coach that the Jets and Ryan (and business people) should remember was uttered by Bill Parcells.  Parcells coached for both the Giants and Jets and had success with both (winning a Super Bowl with the Giants).  He had little patience for excuses and explanations to try to justify why success was not achieved.  He simply said:

You are your record

A lesson that the now 0-1 Jets should take to heart.  The talk does not count, it is the walk.  And right now, the bluster and bravado looks mighty foolish.

Bill Parcells, "You are your record"

Business Lessons

That being said, the lessons a business owner can take from this is to look at their organization not as they wish it was, but as it truly is. A business is not what it says it is, but what it does.  All of the marketing materials will not amount to anything if the business cannot or does not live up to the hype.  As business owners think of their own businesses, they should consider the following:

  • Does the website contain all kinds of self-congratulatory prose, but customers are leaving in droves because of poor service?
  • Do brochures or sales presentations promise outcomes that the customer feels fall short of needs or expectations?
  • It is the buyer’s experience that truly counts, not what the business claims that experience includes.
  • A business reputation is earned and not demanded.

The good news for the Jets is that they have 15 more regular season games to get it right and to put a better effort together and win more games than they lose.  The good news for the business owner is that starting today, they can take the steps to improve their record as well and seek out ways of pleasing the customer.

Talent Spiders on the Web

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One of the most frustrating activities for both employers and employees is the hiring process.  It is a process marred by stumbles, trips, and false impressions.  Just like going on a blind date, the hiring company wants to make a good impression to seduce the candidate to want to join the company and the prospective employee is focused on not talking themselves out of a good relationship that will last a long time.

Employer Perspective

Employers want to be certain that the time, energy, resources, and investment put into selecting new employees pays off with a return on those costs.  According to one study, the cost of hiring an employee can range from between 1.5 to 2.5 of their annual salary when search, interviewing, and other costs are tabulated!

Additionally, the skills required to maintain a skilled workforce are often beyond the experiences and insights of most business owners:

  1. sourcing
  2. inteviewing
  3. selecting
  4. on-boarding or orientation
  5. training

So, what tended to happen (and often still does) is that the hiring manager chooses someone very similar to him or herself in personality, background, and experience with little regard to how that will actually “fit” with the needs of the organization. Companies looking to alleviate, automate, and formalize the process will often look to software solutions that try to evaluate the appropriateness of a candidate for a job by combing through the resume submitted and seeking specific facts, experiences, word choices, etc.

These tools are referred to as “talent management systems” (popular ones are Taleo, the Resumator, Talogix, Inc., and Worksimple) and ask candidates to complete profiles of their experience. In turn, the hiring company will have created “key words” or other indicators of success for the job and potentially only those candidates that “match” are given consideration.  This serves to eliminate poorly qualified candidates, reduce time spent interviewing to uncover skill gaps, or minimize the chance for a candidate to slip past important criterion needed to do the job by “fast talking” the hiring manager.

Software applications are designed to capture only the good candidates

 

Of course, the success of these tools are only as good as the input that went into the setup to determine what are the truly essential skills or experiences needed to succeed on the job.  If the job is for a salesperson and there is no mention of the need for ppeople skills, prospecting, closing, overcoming objections, etc.; then the “spider” that crawls across the resumes (the software application) may be so broad as to allow far too many applicants into the pool of potentials.  The opposite problem also exists.  If the salesperson position requires that the person have previous account management experience, and the applicant does not make reference to account management, but refers to it as client relationship skills – the application may not “know” that it is referring to the same skill.

Prospecitve Employee Perspective

For purposes of this post, I explored numerous job applications online through different websites devoted to jobseekers.  The level of frustration was extremely high as the following happened numerous times:

  1. Site would ask for an uploaded resume and then also would seek to have me “fill in” my experience, thereby creating duplication.
  2. Certain questions were required or mandatory, but did not provide an answer that represented my current situation (for instance, I am currently employed and the application forced me to choose an end date to my employment).
  3. The open-ended responses had a limit on number of words, but did not provide a counter to let the applicant know they were coming up on the limit.  Only when the application was to be submitted to an error message pop up.
  4. Formatting of documents cut and pasted into the text boxes was often skewed and rendered documents that were hard to read.
  5. The gnawing feeling that there were certain words, years of experience, or other factors that were being searched for – and the resume did not include the “right” combination even though the skills were very much resident in the applicant.

Conclusion

The automation of resume reviewing can certainly aid the hiring manager (or delegate) in sifting through resumes, but it is a poor substitute for a human to read and assess the resume.  While companies contacted claimed that they do not rely solely on the software to make decisions about which candidates to extend an interview to or not; the automated rejection letters received came far too quickly to indicate that anything but an electronic review of capabilities had been done.  Candidates should be forewarned to include all relevant and appropriate facts, skills, data as pertinent to avoid being unnecessarily shut out of opportunities and employers should give careful consideration to what factors they consider essential for the job.

Nurse, Purse or Worse

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Small business owners are a rare breed. They are willing to invest their own thoughts, labor, equity, expertise, and all of their hopes, dreams, and aspirations into a business without any guarantee of success.  In return, they anticipate that the business will succeed and provide back to them the satisfacation and rewards they seek. However, what the entrepreneur seeks is worth truly analyzing as it will determine many of the strategies and decisions made by tht business owner.

Is your business a nurse?

Is your business a nurse?

Nurse

For some business owners the business performs a function that is less to do about employment for monetary gain, and more to do with the sense of fulfillment or emotional health benefits received as a result of owning the business.  That may be in part related to:

Social - for some people, having others relying on them to perform their roles or job tasks is sufficient.  For others, it is important that they feel part of a team as opposed to an individual contributor and they enjoy the community aspects of the work environment.  For still others, it is about the shared accomplishment in completing a project creatively with others.

Self Esteem -in some instances, the entrepreneur enjoys the feeling of owning a business him or herself and having their name on the door or shingle (or invoices).  It elevates their own self perceptions of what it means to be a success and fuels their desire to perform at a higher level.

Sense of Purpose – owning a business is a daunting task and for some the challenge of doing so well is motivational and a rewarding.  Knowing that “the business needs me” is very fulfilling and provides those entrepreneurs with a mission and reason for them to go to work. 

The emotional aspects of owning a business can be overwhelming for some people, and for others, it is a positive that energizes them, fuels them to seek improvements, and provides them with reasons to go to work each day or night.  The business in that sense provides a healthful outlet for the entrepreneur.

Purse

Another common reason given for why people choose to start their own businesses is related to the upside potential available to them monetarily.  A business owner is not constrained by salary plans, union agreements, contractual limits, etc. and are not capped in terms of their earnings.  Of course, that also means that they do not have a guarantee of income either.  The business owner assesses the likelihood of a product or service being well received by a segment of the purchasing public and attempts to opportunistically fulfill that need before others do, better than others currently do, or create a need that the market was unaware it had and then seek to meet it and capture the entire market for him or herself (think IPOD or E-book readers).

Worse

Of course, there is also the downside of what a business represents for some entrepreneurs and it must be assessed or evaluated to ensure it does not create conflict for the business owner or the business owner’s loved ones:

  • has the business become a burden or negatively impacted the entrepreneur’s emotional state (often surly or moody)?
  • does the business require so much time that it encroaches upon leisure time, family commitments, or what was once thoughy of as non-work time?
  • Is the business owner able to differentiate between “on the clock” time and “home life?”  Very often, due to technology and wireless communications, entrepreneurs struggle with staying away from emails, text messages, or other remotely delivered communications and so there is no delineation between being at work and being away from work.

When strategically assessing whether to go into business for oneself, or even analyzing if the business is being used as a resource to deliver on one’s life’s goals, it is helpful to think in terms of whether what one seeks is a nurse, a purse, or if the business has become something worse.

Is Stew Still Right?

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A week ago a JetBlue flight attendant received quite a bit of attention for doing what so many employees have dreamed of doing. Steven Slater lived out the fantasy of the old Johnny Paycheck song, “Take This Job and Shove it.”  The reports of the incident have become well-known by now.  In spite of the incessant announcements made by the flight attendant not to stand up and open the overhead compartments until the plane had stopped taxiing to the gate, one or more passengers assumed that the rule was for others, and not them (as a frequent flyer myself, I am left to wonder, “Where did they think they were going anyway?  It is not like you can deplane any sooner and get on your way.  You still have to wait for the door to be opened and the aisle is only wide enough to accommodate a single passenger at a time – you can’t “cut ahead of anyone” even if you wanted to!”).  The ensuing conflict apparently ended when the flight attendant suggested that the passengers attempt to do something that is anatomically impossible, took a few beers with him, and then released the emergency exit and slide and left the plane on the tarmac with all of the passengers still aboard.

The immediate response across the social media sites and elsewhere is what has become the more interesting part of the story. His actions have resonated with many and has led to “fan pages” and much discussion about how his actions resonated with so many.  Given the current economic crisis, the layoffs, and the general feeling of oppression felt by those that still are employed in jobs of having to do more work for less pay, benefits, or appreciation – Slater’s actions seemed to be viewed as a victory for the downtrodden.

Going Back To Stew

Stew Leonard's approach is in direct contrast to Steven Slater's

Coincidentally, this weekend included a stop at the Stew Leonard’s on the Berlin Turnpike for me and the dichotomy between Slater and those that line up behind him cheering and the way that the iconic retailer view customers could not be more stark.  Are there grocery customers who are rude, who act selfishly, who are angry, try to take advantage of others, and commit all other kinds of social indiscretions – sure!  However, the response at Stew’s is to offer them another sample, attempt to offer them something to please them, ask how their experience is as they shop, and at minimum offer them an ear to listen as they complain.

While some may think that responding with kindness to rudeness just encourages more bad behavior (and Stew Leonard’s almost seems to invite that by proudly claiming that the customer is always right), the motivation and  interpretation may in fact be quite different. 

As a shopper, I do not want to be restricted in receiving any of the benefits of the “Stew Leonard’s shopping experience” just because some dolt abuses it.  Stew Leonard’s appreciates my business and so is willing to tolerate the occasional knucklehead who acts inappropriately, because the overwhelming majority of shoppers don’t! 

Instead of allowing rules and policies to be created to account for the very few at the expense of the majority, the retailer is willing to put up with the rare headache of a customer so as not to deny the many that choose to shop there over other competitors because of that experience.

Airlines or Grocers

Now, admittedly, if someone behaves inappropriately in the frozen food aisle by shouting at their kids to put down the ice cream, blocking the ability of others to pass, or stopping traffic to take a cell phone call – it is frustrating at worst.  If someone does something in an airplane that endangers the lives of others, it is quite a different story.  Therefore, the rules and expectations of behavior need to be enforced differently on a plane.  However, while there is never an excuse for a customer to strike an employee (as has been alleged in the Slater incident), to swear at an employee, or to refuse instructions based on protecting the customer’s (and those around the customer) safety; it is certainly a much more pleasant experience to shop at Stew Leonard’s than it is to deal with airline travel these days.  Is it just mere coincidence?

Back to School For All

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Back to School is not for kids alone. Employers and employees can benefit as well.

The weather here in Connecticut is still rather summery, but the commercials have already begun to run for the sales occurring on back to school supplies. Many kids are trying to slow down time to savor their summer for a bit longer, but quite a few parents have the wisdom to know that returning to school to build on skills, abilities, and knowledge is a very exciting proposition and will better prepare their children for eventual careers, personal development, and general wisdom and insight. However, these same parents don’t always recognize the importance of their own continuation of learning and education on their jobs. 

The skills that were once sufficient to be considered an expert or even to provide minimally acceptable customer service, may no longer be deemed as such. Competitors change their ability to meet needs, customers change their expectations, and the level of performance needed to remain at previous levels of success changes.

Lifelong Learning

Professionals (medical, accounting, legal, etc.) are required to maintain their certificates or licenses by going to continuing education to ensure that they are exposed to the latest thinking within their industry.  Workshops conducted by associations of professionals, trade groups, unions, etc., allow people to stay at the highest levels of expertise.

The same is rarely said for many other employees that work within retail, service, or other businesses.  A good number of these employees are still operating with the skills that may have once been accurate, state of the art/science, or best practices in the industry.  However, advances in technology, changes in competitive market conditions, or any other factor may have rendered those skills as outmoded.

Therefore, it is incumbent upon the employee to commit to lifelong learning and be devoted to constantly upgrading their skills and knowledge.  Currently, it is the rare employee that remains in the same career (nevermind the same employer) for the duration of their entire working life.  The ability to change directions while in mid-career is essential, and to do that well requires the ability to learn new skills.

The Learning Organization

Author Peter Senge (The Fifth Discipline) is credited with the labeling of those companies that emphasize ongoing employee development as, “Learning Organizations.”  According to Senge, a learning organization puts emphasis on the employees working within the company to constantly expand their competencies to generate the business results.  Moreover, the emphasis is on innovation, new ways of problem solving, and thinking in ways that are not outside the conventional norms.

A core thrust of a learning organization is that there needs to be freedom within the company to challenge precendents, and pursue new ways of achieving better results.  Speed of response is held in high regard, and organizational structures are designed to increase the opportunity for people to interact and share ideas (non-hierarchical).

Get on the Bus

So, while the younger members of families may be preparing for the return to school, it behooves all of us, even those that have graduated from degree offering institutions decades ago to reconsider whether or not it would be beneficial to brush up on current skills or extend our competencies into new skill areas.  While we may not have to go shopping for clothes, don’t need to choose between spiral notebooks and looseleaf books, and need not bring in a letter from our parents to give to our teachers; the time for becoming a student may be overdue.

Pledge to get into a class, read something you would not otherwise read, attend a lecture from someone you do not currently agree with, watch a television commentator you have not viewed previously, or step out of your comfort zone to stretch your own awareness, insight, and understanding.  Who knows, you might just get the A+ you have been seeking by securing a promotion, a new client, or better meeting an existing job’s requirement.

How to Prevent a Repeat

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The recent news has filled with the tragedy that occurred at the beer distributorship in Manchester, CT.  A disgruntled route driver was accused of having stolen from the company and reselling it on his own.  As the story seem to be unfolding, the driver’s employment was terminated and he then requested a drink of water in the corporate cafeteria as he was being escorted out the building.  Unknown to the corporate executives, he had previously stashed firearms in his lunch box and accessed them to start a shootiung rampage where eight people were killed.

Omar Thornton, accused gunman in beer distributorship massacre

While the event is still being scrutinized and investigated by police and law enforcement personnel, the business community is left to wonder how to ensure that their companies will not be next. 

The nightmare that occurred in Manchester has at least three issues that cause enterpreneurs to pause:

  • Racism
  • Employee Termination
  • Firearms at work

Racism

The alleged gunman’s family and friends are adamant that the employee was subject to numerous examples of racism, discrimination, and bias.  The company refutes that the work environment was hostile in any way, and point to there being no record of any complaints registered.  However, there is a lesson to be learned here. 

Companies would be well served to constantly monitor and reinforce the importance of maintaining a discriminatary free environment.  At the most mild, the “jokes” and teasing that may occur under playfulness in one person’s  mind can and are very differently received by others.  At the worst, the williful and intentional promotional practices, work assignment distribution, or other ways of interacting with empoloyees based on race of the employee are poor business practices and may be subject to legal raminfications.

Just passing out a handout or posting a form in a common work area about being anti-discriminatory is not sufficient.  The practices and policies of the company must be vigilantly managed.

Employee Termination

Few things evoke more anxiety in business owners than having to terminate an employee.  It is emotional for the people involved and can easily escalate into anger, tears, or other reactions.  Based on reports, it appears that the beer distributorship approached this conversation as correctly as they could, they:

  1. Chose a location to have the conversation away from other workers in a neutral office.
  2. Had multiple executives were there, so it was clear it was a business decision and not just a personality issue with one person.
  3. Provided examples, proof, or evidence (work samples, performance appraisals, or video tapes in this instance) of why the performance is not up to standard.
  4. Offered an opportunity for the employee to resign or be fired (treated the employee like a person and recognized the importance of maintiainig dignity).

It is never easy to separate an employee from employment.  Given that work represents how one meets financial obligations, it is not to be taken lightly.  Prior to firing someone, attempts should be made to provide remedial training, management, and clear communication (in this instance, stealing is likely not something that could have been addressed by the company in any other way than firing).

Firearms at Work

The last issue is one that is controversial and continues to be debated in the courts.  Lining up on one side of the discission are those that fear that firearms in the workplace may lead to acts of violence against others within the workplace.  On the other side are those that maintain it is a constitutional right and that if MORE people were armed or had ready access to firearms in the workplace, it would serve to actually REDUCE the incidence because people could defend themselves before many were victimized.  Additionally, the claim is that if a would-be shooter knew that others had guns at work, the concern about being shot themselves would limit the number of people who would even chance shooting others.

The danger is clear any time a business makes the decision to end someone’s employment.  The steps to avoid confrontations like the Manchester beer distributorship from happening in any businesses require forethought and care.  It is only through proper preparation that the likelihood of unexpected occurrences can be minimized.  The beer distributor tragedy is a good wake-up call and reminder that all businesses should assess their current practices for handling problem employees, termination procedures, and ensuring that the work environment is a safe one for alll employees.